J.D. Power’s 2023 U.S. Initial Quality StudySM (IQS) found that industry-wide “problems per 100 vehicles” rose by 12 to an average of 192 in 2023, up from 180 in 2022 and 162 in 2021. The survey is based on responses from over 93,000 purchasers and lessees of new 2023 vehicles who were surveyed on issues experienced across nine categories: infotainment; features, controls, and displays; exterior; driving assistance; interior; powertrain; seats; driving experience; and climate. The features, controls, and displays category reported the greatest increase in problems, followed by infotainment. J.D. Power attributed the rise in issues, in part, to the increasing complexity of vehicles. The Company’s Senior Director of Auto Benchmarking, Frank Hanley, stated that the “automotive industry is facing a wide range of quality problems, a phenomenon not seen in the 37-year history of the IQS… From persistent problems carrying over from years past to an increase in new types of problems, today’s new vehicles are more complex—offering new and exciting technology—but not always satisfying owners.”